Haplostegus Konow, 1900: 68, 70. Type species: Haplostegus epimelas Konow. Subsequently designated by Rohwer, 1911a: 80.
Citations
Konow 1900 [key: 68, 70]; Konow 1905a [description, distribution (range), key: 32, 34]; Rohwer 1911a [type information: 80]; Rohwer 1911c [systematics – classification: 226]; Benson 1938c [systematics – classification: 381]; Smith 1978 [catalogue/checklist: 158-159]; Pagliano & Scaramozzino 1990 [catalogue/checklist: 97]; Smith 1990 [biology, diagnosis, distribution (range), host plant, revision/review, taxonomy: 14-21]; Abe & Smith 1991 [systematics – classification: 36]; Smith 1995b [diagnosis, distribution (range): 171]; Pschorn-Walcher 1998 [behaviour, defence, oviposition, sociality: 460, 462].
Haplostegus bicoloripes Malaise
Haplostegus bicoloripes Malaise, 1949: 17-18. Type locality: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, 900 m. Holotype male, by monotypy. Type depository: NHRS. Described: male.
Citations
Smith 1978 [catalogue/checklist: 158]; Smith 1990 [distribution (range), taxonomy, key, type information: 16]; Smith 2006 [catalogue/checklist: 614].
Distribution
Neotropical: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro [Smith 1978, Smith 1990, Smith 2006]).
TAXONOMY: Possibly the male of an already described species such as wygodzinskyi Malaise (Smith 1990).
Haplostegus cataphractus Konow
Haplostegus cataphractus Konow, 1900: 71. Type locality: Brazil: Pernambuco. Syntype, female. Type depository: DEIC. Described: female.
Citations
Konow 1905a [distribution (range): 34]; Conde 1936 [distribution (range), key, revision/review: 121]; Smith 1978 [catalogue/checklist: 158]; Smith 1990 [distribution (range), illustration of adult, illustration of sawsheath, key, taxonomy, type information: 10, 15, 16]; Smith 2006 [catalogue/checklist: 614].
Distribution
Neotropical: Brazil (Pernambuco [Conde 1936, Smith 1978, Smith 1990, Smith 2006]).
Haplostegus clitellarius Konow
Haplostegus clitellarius Konow, 1900: 71. Type locality: Brazil: Itaituba, Amazonas. Syntype, female. Type depository: DEIC. Described: female.
Citations
Konow 1905a [distribution (range): 34]; Conde 1936 [distribution (range), key, revision/review: 121]; Smith 1978 [catalogue/checklist: 158]; Smith 1990 [distribution (range), illustration of sawsheath, key, taxonomy, type information: 10, 15, 17-18]; Smith 2006 [catalogue/checklist: 614].
Distribution
Neotropical: Brazil (Amazonas [Konow 1905a, Conde 1936], Pará [Smith 1978, Smith 1990, Smith 2006]).
Haplostegus discalis Konow
Haplostegus discalis Konow, 1902: 103. Type locality: Peru: Vilcanota. Syntype, female. Type depository: DEIC. Described: female.
Citations
Konow 1905a [distribution (range): 34]; Conde 1936 [distribution (range), key, synonymy: 121-122]; Smith 1978 [catalogue/checklist: 158]; Smith 1990 [distribution (range), key, taxonomy, type information: 15, 18]; Smith 2006 [catalogue/checklist, distribution (range)].
Distribution
Neotropical: Peru [Konow 1905a, Conde 1936, Smith 1978, Smith 1990, Smith 2006].
TAXONOMY: Possibly conspecific with ruficollis Cameron (Smith 1990).
Haplostegus dorius Smith
Haplostegus dorius Smith, 1990. Type locality: Brazil: Serra da Bocaina, S.J. Barreiros. Holotype female, by monotypy and original designation. Type depository: MCZC. Described: female. Illust.
Citations
Smith 1990 [distribution (range), illustration of lance/lancet, illustration of sawsheath, key: 10, 15, 18]; Smith 2006 [catalogue/checklist: 614].
Distribution
Neotropical: Brazil (São Paulo [Smith 1990, Smith 2006]).
Haplostegus epimelas Konow
Haplostegus epimelas Konow, 1900: 70-71. Type locality: Brazil: Minas Geraís, Espírito Santo. Lectotype male, designated by Smith, 1990: 18. Type depository: HNHM. Described: male, female.
Haplostegus epimelas epimelas: Malaise, 1942: 116.
Citations
Konow 1905a [distribution (range): 34]; Conde 1936 [distribution (range), key, revision/review: 121]; Pyenson 1938 [host plant, impact/damage, life history: 26-27 (as unidentified species], Pyenson 1939 [behaviour, host plant, illustration of immature stages, impact/damage, life history, oviposition: 467-468, pl. xv, fig. 1]; Malaise 1949 [illustration of female: 14]; Costa Lima 1968 [distribution (range), host plant: 622]; Smith 1978 [catalogue/checklist, host plant: 158]; Smith 1990 [biology, distribution (range), illustration of adult, illustration of lance/lancet, illustration of male genitalia, illustration of sawsheath, key, taxonomy, type information: 10, 16, 17, 18-19]; Schedl 1991 [economic importance, host plant: 47]; Pedrosa-Macedo 1998 [biological control, diagnosis, description of immature stages, distribution (range), habitat, host plant, life history, natural enemies]; Pedrosa-Macedo 2000 [biological control, biology, development, economic importance, fecundity, host plant, impact/damage, laboratory studies, longevity, oviposition, parasitism rates, seasonal distribution: 129-133]; Pedrosa-Macedo et al. 2000 [biological control, host plant]; Wikler & Smith 2002 [biochemical control, host plant]; Smith 2006 [catalogue/checklist, host plant: 614].
Distribution
Neotropical: Brazil (Espírito Santo [Conde 1936, Costa Lima 1968, Smith 1978, Smith 1990, Smith 2006], Minas Geraís [Conde 1936, Costa Lima 1968, Smith 1978, Smith 1990, Smith 2006], Paraná [Pedrosa-Macedo 1998, Pedrosa-Macedo 2000, Smith 2006], Pernambuco [Costa Lima 1968, Smith 1978, Smith 1990, Smith 2006], Santa Catarina [Pedrosa-Macedo 1998, Pedrosa-Macedo 2000], São Paulo [Smith 1978, Smith 1990, Smith 2006]).
Associations
Foe – DIPTERA Tachinidae: Vibrissina sp. [Pedrosa-Macedo 1998, Pedrosa-Macedo 2000, Smith 2006]. Hosts – MYRTALES Myrtaceae:Psidium cattleianum Sabine [Pedrosa-Macedo 1998, Pedrosa-Macedo 2000, Pedrosa-Macedo et al. 2000, Wikler & Smith 2002, Smith 2006], Psidium guajava L. [Pyenson 1938, Pyenson 1939, Schedl 1991, Pedrosa-Macedo 2000, Pedrosa-Macedo et al. 2000, Smith 2006].
Biology
Pedrosa-Macedo (2000) gave a detailed account of the biology. Larvae live on Psidium cattleianum , but have been observed to feed on commercial guava, P. guajava . Females oviposit a rows of eggs into young, soft twigs of the host plant. Larvae hatch after 7-12 days and feed initially on the lower leaf surface. The larvae are gregarious and when disturbed they raise the abdomen and regurgitate a fluid from their mouth. The fluid apparently consists of essential oils extracted from the host plant since it has a strong smell of the host tissue. After 28-30(-35) days and 6 or 7 instars the larvae are full grown. The prepupal moult occurs before the larvae dig into the soil for pupation. Adults emerge after 20-22 days. The species has three generations. Pyenson (1939) gave a detailed description of the biology of the species in Pernambuco, Brazil: females lay their eggs in single rows in the tips of young shoots or along the midrib on the underside of young leaves. Twenty to forty eggs are laid on a single leaf or stem and the young larvae hatch after about three days. Larvae are gregarious and feed on the leaf tissue, leaving only the larger veins and midrib. When disturbed they raise their abdomen. They are full-grown after 2-3 weeks and enter the soil for pupation. The cocoon is shiny black and the adults emerge after about 17 days. At the end of a rainy season the larvae may enter diapause. Adults appear late in the rainy season. The species has two generations. In some regions the species causes considerable damage to guava.
Haplostegus humeralis Malaise
Haplostegus humeralis Malaise, 1942: 115. Type locality: Brazil: Bahía. Holotype female, by monotypy. Type depository: NHRS. Described: female. Illust.
Citations
Smith 1978 [catalogue/checklist: 158]; Smith 1990 [distribution (range), host plant, illustration of lance/lancet, key, type information: 15, 17, 19]; Smith 2006 [catalogue/checklist: 614].
Distribution
Neotropical: Brazil (Bahía [Smith 1978, Smith 1990, Smith 2006]).
Associations
Hosts – MYRTALES Myrtaceae: Psidium guajava L. [Smith 1990].
Haplostegus luteolus Conde
Haplostegus luteolus Conde, 1936: 120, 124. Type locality: Brazil: Victoria, Botucatu. Lectotype female, designated by Smith, 1990: 19. Type depository: MZSP. Described: female. Illust.
Citations
Conde 1936 [illustration of lance/lancet, key, revision/review: 120, 123, 124]; Smith 1978 [catalogue/checklist: 158]; Smith 1990 [distribution (range), illustration of adult, illustration of lance/lancet, illustration of male genitalia, key, taxonomy, type information: 10, 15, 17, 19]; Smith 2006 [catalogue/checklist: 614].
Distribution
Neotropical: Brazil (Espírito Santo [Conde 1936], Minas Geraís [Smith 1978], Rio de Janeiro [Smith 1990, Smith 2006], São Paulo [Conde 1936, Smith 1978, Smith 1990, Smith 2006]).
Haplostegus mexicanus Rohwer
Haplostegus mexicanus Rohwer, 1911b: 378-379. Type locality: Mexico: Córdoba. Holotype male, by original designation. Type depository: USNM. Described: male.
Citations
Conde 1936 [taxonomy: 122]; Smith 1978 [catalogue/checklist: 158]; Smith 1990 [distribution (range), key, taxonomy, type information: 15, 18, 19]; Smith 2006 [catalogue/checklist: 614].
Distribution
Neotropical: Mexico (Veracruz [Smith 1978, Smith 1990, Smith 2006]).
Haplostegus nigricrus Conde
Haplostegus nigricrus Conde, 1936: 120, 124. Type locality: Brazil: Ypiranga, São Paulo. Holotype male, by monotypy. Type depository: MZSP. Described: male.
Citations
Conde 1936 [illustration of lance/lancet, key, revision/review: 120, 124]; Smith 1978 [catalogue/checklist: 158]; Smith 1990 [distribution (range), illustration of adult, illustration of lance/lancet, key, taxonomy, type information: 10, 16, 17, 19-20]; Smith 2006 [catalogue/checklist: 614].
Distribution
Neotropical: Brazil (Paraná [Smith 1990, Smith 2006], São Paulo [Smith 1978, Smith 1990, Smith 2006]).
Haplostegus ruficollis (Cameron)
Corynophilus ruficollis Cameron, 1883: 53-54. Type locality: Panama: Bugaba. Holotype female. Type depository: BMNH.
Haplostegus ruficollis: Smith, 1978: 158. Change of combination.
Citations
Dalla Torre 1894 [catalogue/checklist: 348]; Konow 1905a [distribution (range): 34]; Smith 1978 [catalogue/checklist: 158]; Smith 1990 [distribution (range), key, taxonomy, type information: 15, 18, 20]; Smith 2006 [catalogue/checklist: 614].
Distribution
Neotropical: Panama [Konow 1905a, Smith 1978, Smith 1990, Smith 2006].
Haplostegus rufithorax Malaise
Haplostegus epimelas rufithorax Malaise, 1942: 116. Type locality: Brazil: Nova Bremen, Rio Laeiss, Santa Catarina. Holotype male, by monotypy. Type depository: NHRS. Described: male.
Haplostegus rufithorax: Smith, 1978: 158. Change in status.
Citations
Smith 1978 [catalogue/checklist: 158]; Smith 1990 [distribution (range), key, taxonomy, type information: 16, 20]; Smith 2006 [catalogue/checklist: 614].
Distribution
Neotropical: Brazil (Santa Catarina [Smith 1978, Smith 1990, Smith 2006]).
TAXONOMY: The species is possibly a colour form of epimelas Konow (Smith 1990:20).
Haplostegus scutater Conde
Haplostegus scutater Conde, 1936: 121, 122-123. Type locality: Brazil: São Paulo, Espírito Santo. Syntype, male, female. Type probably lost. Described: male, female. Illust.
Citations
Conde 1936 [description of immature stages, illustration of lance/lancet, host plant, economic importance, key, revision/review: 121, 122-123]; Costa Lima 1968 [distribution (range), host plant: 622]; Smith 1978 [catalogue/checklist, host plant: 158-159]; Smith 1990 [distribution (range), host plant, illustration of adult, illustration of lance/lancet, illustration of male genitalia, key, taxonomy, type information: 10, 15, 20]; Schedl 1991 [economic importance, host plant: 47]; Smith 2006 [catalogue/checklist, host plant: 614].
Distribution
Neotropical: Brazil (Espírito Santo [Costa Lima 1968, Smith 1978, Smith 1990, Smith 2006], São Paulo [Costa Lima 1968, Smith 1978, Smith 1990, Smith 2006]).
Associations
Host – MYRTALES Myrtaceae: Psidium guajava L. [Conde 1936, Smith 2006].
Biology
Larvae are known to defoliate the host plant, Psidium guajava , and the species is of potential economic importance (Conde 1936: 122).
Haplostegus subclavatus Malaise
Haplostegus subclavatus Malaise, 1942: 114-115. Type locality: Brazil: Santa Catarina. Syntype, male, female. Type depository: NHRS. Described: male, female. Illust.
Citations
Smith 1978 [catalogue/checklist: 159]; Smith 1990 [distribution (range), illustration of sawsheath, key, taxonomy, type information: 10, 15, 20]; Smith 2006 [catalogue/checklist: 614].
Distribution
Neotropical: Brazil (Santa Catarina [Smith 1978, Smith 1990, Smith 2006]); Ecuador [Malaise 1942, Smith 1978, Smith 1990, Smith 2006].
Haplostegus tuvius Smith
Haplostegus tuvius Smith, 1990: 20-21. Type locality: Brazil: Santa Catarina (27º11’S, 52º23”W), 300-500 m. Holotype female, by original designation. Type depository: USNM. Described: male, female. Illust.
Citations
Smith 1990 [distribution (range), illustration of lance/lancet, illustration of male genitalia, illustration of sawsheath, key: 10, 15, 17, 20-21]; Smith 2006 [catalogue/checklist: 614].
Distribution
Neotropical: Brazil (Santa Catarina [Smith 1990, Smith 2006]).
Haplostegus wygodzinskyi Malaise
Haplostegus wygodzinskyi Malaise, 1949: 14, 17. Type locality: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro. Holotype female, by monotypy. Type depository: NHRS. Described: female. Illust.
Citations
Smith 1978 [catalogue/checklist: 159]; Smith 1990 [distribution (range), key, taxonomy, type information: 16, 21]; Smith 2006 [catalogue/checklist: 614].
Distribution
Neotropical: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro [Smith 1978, Smith 1990, Smith 2006]).