Phylacteophaga Froggatt, 1899: 130. Type species: Phylacteophaga eucalypti Froggatt, by monotypy.
Citations
Konow 1900 [key: 68]; Konow 1905a [description, distribution (range), key: 32, 36]; Rohwer 1911a [type information: 87]; Rohwer 1911c [systematics – classification: 226]; Morice 1919 [key: 255]; Benson 1938c [illustration of adult, systematics – classification: 374, 380]; Riek 1955 [distribution (range), host plant, key to species, new taxon, parasitism, revision/review, seasonal distribution: 95-98, pl. 1]; Benson 1963 [key to species, taxonomy: 84]; Smith 1978 [catalogue/checklist: 147]; Naumann 1983 [description, key: 237-238]; Jones & Elliot 1990 [description of adult, host plant, impact/damage: 166]; Pagliano & Scaramozzino 1990 [catalogue/checklist: 157]; Abe & Smith 1991 [systematics – classification: 66]; Dowton & Austin 1994 [molecular systematics: 9912-9915]; Connor& Taverner 1997 [ecology: 6-25]; Mayo et al. 1997 [diagnosis, key to species, new taxon, revision/review, taxonomy: 599-601],
Biology
Larvae leaf miners in Eucalyptus and Tristania (Myrtaceae) (Benson 1935, Riek 1970a).
Phylacteophaga amygdalini Mayo, Austin & Adams
Phylacteophaga amygdalini Mayo, Austin & Adams, 1997: 605-606. Type locality: Australia: 1.5 km N of Richmond, Tasmania. Holotype female, by original designation. Type depository: ANIC. Described: male, female. Illust. Additional type information: on Eucalyptus amygdalina.
Citations
Mayo et al. 1997 [description of immature stages, distribution (range), illustration of female, illustration of lance/lancet, illustration of male, isozymes/DNA, key: 597-598, 600, 601, 602, 603, 605-606]; Schmidt 2006 [catalogue/checklist, host plant: 632].
Distribution
Australasian: Australia (Tasmania [Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006]).
Associations
Host – MYRTALES Myrtaceae: Eucalyptus amygdalina Labill. [Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006].
Biology
The species has been recorded only from Eucalyptus amygdalina where it forms mines which are quite different from those of P. froggatti in that the larva extends the mine beyond the midrib of the leaf (Mayo et al. 1997).
Phylacteophaga eucalypti Froggatt
Phylacteophaga eucalypti Froggatt, 1899: 131-133. Type locality: Australia: Melbourne, Victoria. Lectotype female, designated by Mayo, Austin & Adams, 1997: 602. Type depository: NSWA. Described: male, female. Illust. Bred from Eucalyptus globulus.
Phylacteophaga eucalypti tasmanica Riek, 1955: 97. Type locality: Australia: Boat Harbour, St. Helens, Tasmania. Holotype female, by monotypy and original designation. Type depository: ANIC. Described: female. Synonymy by Mayo, Austin & Adams, 1997: 601.
Phylacteophaga eucalypti eucalypti: Riek, 1955b: 96-97. Subsequent description.
Citations
Froggatt 1899 [host plant, illustration of female, illustration of immature stages, illustration of lance/lancet, illustration of male, life history, oviposition: 130-134]; French 1901 [distribution record, host plant, impact/damage: 116]; Froggatt 1901 [common name, behaviour, behavioural defence, description, description of immature stages, distribution record, host plant, illustration of female, illustration of immature stages, illustration of lance/lancet, oviposition: 9, plates]; Konow 1905a [distribution (range): 36]; Froggatt 1907 [description of adult, illustration of female, illustration of immature stages: 73, pl. X]; Morice 1919 [description, illustration of adult, illustration of lance/lancet, illustration of male, key: 255, pl. xi, fig. 6, pl. xii, figs 7, 16, pl. xiii, fig. 10]; Tillyard 1926 [behaviour, host plant: 265]; Forsius 1927 [distribution record: 284]; Anonymous 1950 [control by chemical pesticides, economic importance, host plant, description of immature stages, illustration of adult, illustration of immature stages, oviposition: 470-471]; Hadlington 1954 [control by chemical pesticides, development, host plant, illustration of adult, illustration of immature stages, impact/damage, life history, oviposition: 16-19]; Riek 1955 [distribution record, host plant, illustration of female, illustration of immature stages, illustration of male, key, new taxon: 95-97, pl. 1]; Benson 1963 [distribution (range), host plant, key, new taxon, taxonomy: 84]; Smith 1978 [catalogue/checklist, host plant: 147]; Naumann 1983 [illustration of female, taxonomy: 238-240]; Jones & Elliot 1990 [control, impact/damage: 166]; Schedl 1991 [host plant: 20]; Mayo et al. 1997 [distribution (range), illustration of female, illustration of lance/lancet, illustration of male, illustration of male genitalia, isozymes/DNA, key, revision/review, type information: 597-598, 600, 601-603, 604, 606]; Elliot et al. 1998 [distribution (range), host plant: 64]; Schmidt 2006 [catalogue/checklist, host plant: 632].
Distribution
Australasian: Australia (Capital Territory [Smith 1978, Schmidt 2006], New South Wales [Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006], South Australia [Konow 1905a, Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006], Tasmania [Riek 1955, Benson 1963, Smith 1978, Mayo et al. 1997, Elliot et al. 1998, Schmidt 2006], Victoria [French 1901, Riek 1955, Smith 1978, Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006]).
Associations
Hosts – MYRTALES Myrtaceae: Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson [Hadlington 1954, Schmidt 2006],Corymbia ficifolia (F.Muell.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson [Anonymous 1950, Hadlington 1954, Schmidt 2006], Corymbia maculata(Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson [Hadlington 1954, Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus amygdalina Labill. [Elliot et al. 1998, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus botryoides Sm. [Anonymous 1950, Hadlington 1954, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. [Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus cladocalyx F.Muell. [Anonymous 1950, Hadlington 1954, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptusglobulus Labill. [Froggatt 1892, Anonymous 1950, Hadlington 1954, Riek 1955, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill [Riek 1955, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus mannifera Mudie [Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden [Mayo et al. 1997, Elliot et al. 1998, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptusracemosa Cav. [Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptusrobusta Sm. [Hadlington 1954, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus salignaSm. [Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus sideroxylonA.Cunn. ex Woolls [Hadlington 1954, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptusviminalis Labill. [Elliot et al. 1998, Schmidt 2006], Lophostemumconfertus (R.Br.) Peter G.Wilson & J.T [Anonymous 1950].
Biology
Females oviposit a single egg, rarely two eggs usually near the midrib of a leaf; larvae develop in leaf mines and pupate within the mine (Froggatt 1899). The full grown larva forms a transparent cocoon and the development from larva to pupa takes about three days. The pupa has been observed to produce a distinct sound when the leaf is touched by rapping the walls of the cocoon with the tip of the abdomen (Froggatt 1901).
[wpanchor id=”froggatti”]
Phylacteophaga froggatti Riek
Phylacteophaga froggatti Riek, 1955: 97-98. Type locality: Australia: Schofields, New South Wales. Holotype female, by original designation. Type depository: ANIC. Described: male, female. Illust.
Phylacteophaga eucalypti froggatti: Benson, 1963: 84. Change of status.
Phylacteophaga froggatti: Mayo, Austin & Adams, 1997: 603-605. Revived status.
Citations
Riek 1955 [distribution (range), illustration of immature stages, key, new taxon: 97-98, pl. 1]; Benson 1963 [distribution (range), key, taxonomy: 84]; Moore 1966 [distribution record, economic importance, host plant, parasitism, seasonal distribution: 341, 344, 347]; Moore 1972 [host plant: 33]; Smith 1978 [catalogue/checklist, host plant: 147]; Farrel & New 1980 [biology, description of egg, description of immature stages, development, distribution record, illustration of immature stages, laboratory studies, oviposition, parasitism rates: 83-89]; Curry 1981 [biological control by parasites, control by chemical pesticides, distribution (range), economic importance, host plant, illustration of adult, illustration of immature stages, life history, oviposition, parasitism rates: 61-62]; Naumann 1983 [taxonomy: 239]; Nuttall 1985 [economic importance, host plant, illustration of immature stages, impact/damage, life history: 124-125]; Kay 1986 [behaviour, control, description of adult, description of immature stages, distribution (range), economic importance, host plant, illustration of adult, illustration of immature stages, impact/damage]; Austin & Faulds 1989 [biological control, distribution record, natural enemies, parasitism: 208-209]; Faulds 1990a [biological control by predators, economic importance, laboratory studies: 54-64]; Faulds 1990b [biological control by natural enemies: 290-293]; Jones & Elliot 1990 [control, impact/damage: 166]; Faulds 1991 [biological control by natural enemies, economic importance: 185-193]; Naumann 1991 [illustration of adult: 933]; Farrow et al. 1994[control, economic importance, host plant, impact/damage, life history: 65-67]; Thumlert & Austin 1994 [biology, description of egg, description of immature stages, development, distribution (range), economic importance, fecundity, host plant, impact/damage, laboratory studies, life history, mating, oviposition, parasitism, parasitism rates, seasonal distribution, taxonomy: 99-113]; Dowton et al. 1997 [phylogeny]; Mayo et al. 1997 [distribution (range), illustration of female, illustration of lance/lancet, illustration of male, illustration of male genitalia, isozymes/DNA, key, revision/review: 597-598, 600, 601, 602, 603-605, 606]; Elliot et al. 1998 [behaviour, description of immature stages, development, distribution (range), host plant, impact/damage, natural enemies, oviposition: 63-64]; Vilhelmsen 1998 [internal anatomy, structure]; Farrow 1996b [control by chemical pesticides, description of immature stages, distribution (range), economic importance, host plant, illustration of immature stages, impact/damage, life history, natural enemies, parasitism: 1-4]; Schulmeister 2003a [structure]; Schulmeister 2003b [structure]; Vilhelmsen 2000a [internal anatomy, musculature, structure]; Vilhelmsen 2000b [internal anatomy, phylogeny, structure]; Vilhelmsen 2000c [musculature, structure]; Loch et al. 2004 [biological control by natural enemies, host plant, parasitism rates, seasonal distribution]; Schmidt 2006 [catalogue/checklist, host plant: 632].
Distribution
Australasian: Australia (Capital Territory [Benson 1963, Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006], New South Wales [Benson 1963, Moore 1966, Smith 1978, Curry 1981, Mayo et al. 1997, Elliott & Bashford 1995, Schmidt 2006], Queensland [Riek 1955, Benson 1963, Smith 1978, Curry 1981, Mayo et al. 1997, Elliot et al. 1998, Schmidt 2006], South Australia [Thumlert & Austin 1994, Mayo et al. 1997, Elliot et al. 1998, Schmidt 2006], Tasmania [Mayo et al. 1997, Elliot et al. 1998, Schmidt 2006], Victoria [Benson 1963, Farrel & New 1980, Curry 1981, Austin & Faulds 1989, Mayo et al. 1997, Elliot et al. 1998, Schmidt 2006], Western Australia [Curry 1981, Austin & Faulds 1989, Mayo et al. 1997, Elliot et al. 1998, Schmidt 2006]); New Caledonia [Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006]; New Zealand [Mayo et al. 1997, Elliot et al. 1998, Schmidt 2006].
Associations
Foes – HYMENOPTERA Braconidae: Apanteles sp. [Curry 1981],Bracon confusus Austin [Austin & Faulds 1989, Thumlert & Austin 1994, Loch et al. 2004], Bracon phylacteophagus Austin [Austin & Faulds 1989, Faulds 1990a, 1990b, Thumlert & Austin 1994], ?Bracon sp. [Moore 1966, Farrel & New 1980, Curry 1981].Chalcididae: Brachymeria sp. [Thumlert & Austin 1994].Eulophidae: Apleurotropis sp. [Thumlert & Austin 1994],Chrysonotomyia sp. 1 [Thumlert & Austin 1994], ?Chrysonotomyiasp. 2 [Thumlert & Austin 1994], Cirrospilus margiscutellum(Girault) [Thumlert & Austin 1994, Loch et al. 2004], Cirrospilusoccipitis Girault [Thumlert & Austin 1994], Cirrospilus sp. [Farrel & New 1980, Curry 1981] (Bracon attack only the last two instars, prepupa or pupa of the host (Farrell & New, 1980). Parasitoid eggs are laid free in the mine or host cocoon, or attached to the host),Cirrospilus sp. 3 [Thumlert & Austin 1994], Cirrospilus sp. 4 [Thumlert & Austin 1994], Cirrospilus sp. 5 [Thumlert & Austin 1994], Diaulomorpha sp. [Thumlert & Austin 1994], Elasmusaustralensis Girault [Thumlert & Austin 1994], Elasmus sp. [Curry 1981], Pediobius sp. [Thumlert & Austin 1994]. Eupelmidae:Eupelmus sp. [Curry 1981, Thumlert & Austin 1994].Ichneumonidae: Paraphylax sp. [Thumlert & Austin 1994].Pteromalidae: Lariophagus sp. [Thumlert & Austin 1994].
Hosts – FAGALES Betulaceae: ?Betula sp. [Kay 1986]. Fagaceae: ?Quercus palustris Muenchh. [Nuttall 1985, Schmidt 2006], ?Quercus robur L. [Nuttall 1985, Schmidt 2006], Quercus sp. [Kay 1986, Schmidt 2006]. MYRTALES Myrtaceae:Corymbia calophylla (Lindl.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson [Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006],Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson [Moore 1966, Nuttall 1985, Thumlert & Austin 1994], Corymbia ficifolia(F.Muell.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson [Moore 1966, Nuttall 1985, Thumlert & Austin 1994, Schmidt 2006], Corymbia maculata (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson [Moore 1966, Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus botryoides Sm. [Moore 1966, Nuttall 1985, Kay 1986, Thumlert & Austin 1994, Mayo et al. 1997, Elliot et al. 1998, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. [Curry 1981, Nuttall 1985, Thumlert & Austin 1994, Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptuscinerea F.Muell. ex Benth. [Nuttall 1985, Kay 1986, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus cladocalyxF.Muell. [Moore 1966, Thumlert & Austin 1994, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus dunii Maiden [Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus globulusLabill. [Moore 1966, Nuttall 1985, Farrow et al. 1994, Thumlert & Austin 1994, Mayo et al. 1997, Elliot et al. 1998, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptusgomphocephala DC. [Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden [Moore 1972, Curry 1981, Thumlert & Austin 1994, Mayo et al. 1997, Elliot et al. 1998, Schmidt 2006],Eucalyptus kitsoniana Maiden [Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus lehmannii (Schauer) Benth. [Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006],Eucalyptus leucoxylon F.Muell. [Nuttall 1985, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus macarthurii H.Deane & Maiden [Nuttall 1985, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptusmannifera Mudie [Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus marginata Sm. [Austin & Faulds 1989, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus nicholii Maiden & Blakely [Nuttall 1985, Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus nitens Maiden [Kay 1986, Elliot et al. 1998, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus ovataLabill. [Nuttall 1985, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptusperriniana F.Muell. ex Roadway [Nuttall 1985, Kay 1986, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus robusta Sm. [Moore 1966, Curry 1981, Mayo et al. 1997, Elliot et al. 1998, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus rudis Endl. [Curry 1981, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus salignaSm. [Moore 1966, Moore 1972, Nuttall 1985, Kay 1986, Mayo et al. 1997, Elliot et al. 1998, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus sideroxylon Cunn. ex Woolls [Moore 1966, Nuttall 1985, Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. [Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptusviminalis Labill. [Nuttall 1985, Austin & Faulds 1989, Elliot et al. 1998, Schmidt 2006], Tristaniaconferta R.Br. [Anonymous 1950, Kay 1986, Schmidt 2006]. POALES Poaceae: Agonis flexuosa(Willd.) Sweet [Kay 1986, Schmidt 2006].
Phylacteophaga occidens Benson
Phylacteophaga eucalypti occidens Benson, 1963: 84. Type locality: Australia: Nollamara, Western Australia. Holotype female, by original designation. Type depository: WAMP. Described: male, female.
Phylacteophaga occidens: Mayo, Austin & Adams, 1997: 605. Change of status.
Citations
Benson 1963 [distribution record, host plant, key, taxonomy: 84]; Quinlan 1974 [type information: 243]; Smith 1978 [catalogue/checklist, host plant: 147]; Curry 1981 [distribution (range), economic importance: 61]; Naumann 1983 [taxonomy: 239]; Mayo et al. 1997 [distribution (range), illustration of female, illustration of lance/lancet, illustration of male, key, revision/review: 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606]; Schmidt 2006 [catalogue/checklist, host plant: 632].
Distribution
Australasian: Australia (Western Australia [Smith 1978, Curry 1981, Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006]).
Associations
Hosts – MYRTALES Myrtaceae: Eucalyptus marginata Sm. [Benson 1963, Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006], Eucalyptus rudis Endl. [Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006].
Phylacteophaga rubida Riek
Phylacteophaga rubida Riek, 1970a: 215. Type locality: Australia: Mount Gravatt, Queensland. Lectotype female, designated by Naumann, 1983: 239. Type depository: ANIC. Described: male, female.
Citations
Naumann 1983 [distribution record, host plant, nomenclature, taxonomy, type information: 239]; Mayo et al. 1997 [distribution record, host plant, illustration of female, illustration of lance/lancet, illustration of male, key, revision/review: 600, 601, 602, 603, 605, 606]; Schmidt 2006 [catalogue/checklist, host plant: 632].
Distribution
Australasian: Australia (Queensland [Naumann 1983, Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006]).
Associations
Host – MYRTALES Myrtaceae: Tristania conferta R.Br. [Naumann 1983, Mayo et al. 1997, Schmidt 2006].
Phylacteophaga sp.
Citations
Riek 1970b [illustration of immature stages: 880].
Phylacteophaga sp.
Citations
Vilhelmsen 2001 [structure].